We estimate Eq. (1) by replacing Dij (Bij) with three different sets of dowry and bride price paid to others (i.e., \( \overlinej>> \) and \( \overlinej>> \) , \( \overline> \) and \( \overline> \) , or the community-based dowry and bride price), and three sets of reduced-form estimation results are presented in Table 4. Each panel presents estimation results of a reduced-form regression with a different set of dowry and bride price paid to others. To be comparable with Panel A, the OLS estimation results with women who have at least one brother and one sister are presented in Appendix Table 8. The reduced-form estimation results support the main OLS estimation results shown in Table 2. That is, women enjoy higher status in the ily that tends to exchange higher dowries and when they come from a higher-dowry village, whereas a larger bride price is negatively associated with these same traits. Here, the amount of bride price paid to the wife’s sisters by their in-laws is significantly negatively associated with the wife’s autonomy. The third set, i.e., the community-based dowry and bride price, does not show any significant association with women’s status. This is likely because relatively weaker association between the community-based dowry (bride price) and the personal dowry (bride price) that the bride receives from her parents (in-laws) than other two sets. The estimates for other coefficients are not inconsistent with those shown in Table 2 and are available upon request.
Dining table cuatro Connection ranging from dowry/bride to be speed (paid down because of the for the-rules off siblings, anybody else on the community and you can people) and you can wife’s reputation regarding marital domestic (OLS)
cuatro.step 3 Conversation and you can robustness checks
Into the deciding the new ladies position regarding the relationship house, the end result of one’s web dowry (dowry without fiance price) will get count. Observe that the degree of deferred mehr is included on their own off the online dowry due to the fact former has never been paid down except if splitting up happen and should not meet the requirements property brought toward marriage. The results suggest that the brand new property brought toward ount) increase their own choice-and come up with fuel and autonomy. This type of self-confident connections are not shocking as the fresh new associations away from fiance speed paid back in the course of marriage run stop in order to that from dowry in the main estimations.
Perhaps, a heightened age otherwise education differences might deteriorate the newest wife’s standing on relationship domestic. Also decades difference as well as knowledge differences (substitution the fresh new husband’s decades and degree) doesn’t affect the chief outcomes, while the coefficients of those parameters are not extreme (Appendix Table nine, Panel B).
The newest quote processes is frequent because of the replacing dowry and you may bride to be speed which have net dowry (Appendix Table nine, Panel An excellent)
You to you are going to believe how many years just like the relationship is actually important since the outcome off dowry (otherwise fiance rates) would be deeper following marriage. And additionally ages since the ount off dowry (substitution woman’s ages at the wedding) magnifies the bottom effectation of dowry when you look at the ladies autonomy but minimizes the magnitude and also the significance top into the ladies decision-making (Appendix Dining table 9, Committee C). This implies that a bigger dowry advances the wife’s flexibility during the the newest relationship domestic just after marriage; yet not, the newest connection isn’t somewhat impacted by the newest passing of age since the relationship.
No way of measuring gender ideology is included however estimation due to endogeneity concerns. You to definitely you will believe inclusion of such tips get weaken this new connection anywhere between dowry and you may ladies’ status regarding the relationship family. Although we try not to deny the chance that preferences and you can ideological beliefs regarding the gender connections commonly intrinsic and change across the relationship lives, this new estimation procedure was regular because of the also a couple methods to have son preference: the initial changeable translates to one if wife’s ideal amount of sons KД±rgД±z kadД±n Г§Д±kД±yor is greater than that daughters and next translates to you to definitely when the wife would like to bring degree in order to sons instead of in order to daughters. Controlling to have gender ideology doesn’t considerably impact the chief estimate show (Appendix Dining table 9, Panel D). Amazingly, ladies decision making try definitely for the young buck liking. Although not, it is negatively for the taste for delivering degree to help you sons as compared with daughters. A potential translation is that extremely experienced women tends to be up against gender inequality in the education and start to become so much more empowered about marital household but favor with even more sons than simply daughters. Which appears in line with certain established training exhibiting one young buck taste is more common among extremely knowledgeable female as opposed to ignorant female during the Southern area China (Das Gupta 1987; Muhuri and you can Preston 1991).
